learning parts of speech

When we study parts of speech in Russian (or former Soviet) schools, we explain them. We often simply say that “(that part of speech) answers to (some kinds of questions)”.
For example:
“наречие отвечает на вопрос …” (“an adverb answers the question …”),
“существительное отвечает на вопрос что? или кто?” (“a noun answers to the question what? or who?”),
“глагол отвечает на вопрос что делать?” (“a verb answers to the question what to do?”),
etc.
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